单分散二氧化硅球形颗粒的制备与形成机理.docVIP

2003年第61卷第4期, 562～566 化学学报 ACT A CHI MICA SINICA V ol. 61, 2003N o. 4, 562～566 单分散二氧化硅球形颗粒的制备与形成机理 赵　丽　　余家国　　程　蓓　　赵修建 (武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室　武汉430070 Ξ Ξ 摘要　在醇水混合溶剂中以氨作催化剂, 正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备单分散二氧化硅球形颗粒, 通过透视电镜进行研究各种反应条件如溶剂类型、氨和水的浓度、水解温度等对二氧化硅的颗粒大小和形貌的影响. 结果显示:以甲醇和乙醇为溶剂可以形成单分散的二氧化硅球形颗粒, 以丙醇和丁醇为溶剂, 二氧化硅球形颗粒容易聚集; 在其它条件不变的情况下, 球形颗粒的粒径随水和硅源的浓度增加而增大; 而且水解温度的升高, , 仔细研究和讨论了二氧化硅颗粒在不同反应条件下的形成机理. 关键词　单分散, 二氧化硅, 球形颗粒, 制备, 形成机理 Mechanisms of Monodispersed Silicon Dioxide Spherical P articles ZH AO , Li 　　Y U , Jia 2G uo Ξ　　CHE NG, Bei 　　ZH AO , X iu 2Jian (State K ey Laboratory o f Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan Univer sity o f Technology , Wuhan 430070 Abstract 　M onodispersed silicon dioxide spherical particles have been prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethoxy silane (TE OS in alcohol 2water mixed s olvents and using amm onia as a catalyst. E ffects of the type of s olvents , the am ount of water , the concentration of amm onia and tem perature of hydrolysis etc . on the particle sizes and m orphology of SiO 2were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TE M . The results show that the m onodispersed silicon dioxide spherical particles could be obtained in methanol and ethanol s olvent , while agglomerated silicon dioxide particles were formed in n 2propanol and n 2butanol s olvent. When the concentration of water and TE OS is increased or the tem perature of hydrolysis raised , the particle sizes increase. The formation mechanisms of the resultant SiO 2particles under different reaction conditions were carefully investigated and discussed. K eyw ords 　m onodispersed , SiO 2, spherical particles , preparation , formation mechanism 　　单分散二氧化硅球形颗粒在涂料、催化剂、色谱填料和高性能陶瓷等方面都有广泛的应用, 而近几年更引起人们研究兴趣的是用单分散二氧化硅球形颗粒为原料自组装制备光子晶体[1]. 光子晶体的发现是电磁波领域的一项革命性突破, 它广阔的应用前景使光子晶体成为当今世界范围的一个研究热点, 得到了迅速的发展, 也越来越引起人们的关注. 制备出优良的单分散二氧化硅球形颗粒是制备高质量二氧化硅光子晶体的前提[2]. 溶胶-凝胶工艺是制备单分散SiO 2球形颗粒的一种重要方法. 该方法以金属醇盐或无机盐为前驱物, 经水解缩聚反应过程逐渐凝胶化, 最后经过一定的后处理(陈化、干燥 得到所需的材料. Stober 等[3