复旦量子力学讲义qmapter7培训课件.pptVIP

Chapter 7Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Information §7.1 Pure states and mixed states Introduction: Quantum entanglement describes the coherence of two or many quantum states according to the superposition principle of quantum states. Energy: interactions, conservation laws, work… Entropy: information, order and disorder… Entanglement: coherence, teleportation… Pure state §7.1 Pure states and mixed states System A: Systems A+B: § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states The average value of a quantity F: § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states Mixed state: the non-coherent mixture of two or many pure states System A: § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states In the base of the representation O § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states Systems A+B: the reduced density matrix If is a observable quantity of system A, its average value: is a unit operator of system B. § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states is called the reduced density matrix. § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states The properties of measurement § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states For a s=1/2 particle: Pure State: Mixed State: The superposition state and its mixed state: § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states The measurement of : Pure State: Mixed State: § 7.1 Pure states and mixed states The measurement quanity Pure state Mixed state § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis Entangled state: non-entangled state: Schmit theorem: A two particles pure state can be expressed as § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis Prove: are the orthogonal basis of hillbert space . § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis Bell basis: § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis The density matrix of particle A for the state : Mixed state. § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis For the state : Mixed state. For the non-entangled state : Pure state. § 7.2 Entangled states and Bell basis We can make two new entangled states