O遗传的变异培训课件.pptVIP

O1 遗传的变异 要 点 基因和等位 基因 基因是带有可产生特定蛋白的遗传密码的DNA片段。一个基因可有许多等位基因，而个体可有纯合或杂合的基因型。表达的表现型取决于等位基因是显性的、隐性的还是共显性的。种群中存在的所有基因组和等位基因叫做基因库。 Genes are pieces of DNA which contain the genetic code necessary to produce a specific protein. A gene can have many alleles and individuals can have a homozygous or heterozygous genotype. The phenotype expressed depends on whether alleles are dominant, recessive or codominant. The total set of genes and alleles present in a population is known as the gene pool. Key Notes Genes and alleles O1 GENETIC VARIATION 测定遗传变异 种群和物种内的遗传变异可直接由DNA或蛋白（别构酶）变异来估计。蛋白或DNA片段可通过凝胶电泳