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湖北省稻田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律初探
摘要:在湖北省水稻主要种植区设置3个田间原位监测点,采用
径流池收集地表径流的方法,研究水稻田地表径流产生和氮磷养分
流失的规律。结果表明,2010年,全省稻田平均产生地表径流
8次,产流量平均为304.5 mm,产流系数为34.7%,
径流主要发生在4~8月降雨比较集中的时段;施肥后全省稻田年
平均总氮的流失量为4.90~10.67 kg/hm2,总磷流
失量为0.63~1.44 kg/hm2;径流水中总氮平均浓度
为1.83~3.83 mg/l,总磷浓度为0.16~0.4
9 mg/l;可溶态氮是地表径流氮素流失的主要形态,约占总
氮的70.2%~86.7%,其中尤以硝态氮的流失量最大,占
总氮的51.8%~69.5%,铵态氮流失量较小,约占总氮的
7.4%~34.9%;磷素的流失以颗粒态磷为主,占总磷的6
0.4%~87.7%;肥料氮、磷养分流失量平均分别为当季施
肥量的0.46%和0.37%。施肥和径流量是影响地表径流氮、
磷流失的主要因素,施肥导致氮、磷养分流失量增加,径流产生量
大的时段,其氮、磷的流失量也增加。
关键词:氮磷养分流失;地表径流;稻田;养分形态;湖北省
abstract: experimental plots i
n situ were conducted in the ma
in rice planting regions of hub
ei province in 2010, the runoff
water in each plot was collected
and tested, to investigate the
regular pattern of the surface
runoff events and the nitrogen
and phosphorus losses of the ri
ce field. the results showed th
at the surface runoff events us
ually occurred in raining seas
on from april to august. on aver
age, 8 times of runoff events oc
curred in a year, the annual amo
unt of runoff was 304.5 mm and t
he runoff generation coefficie
nt was 34.7%; the annual amount o
f nitrogen losses from rice fie
ld was 4.90~10.67 kg/hm2, the ph
osphorus losses was 0.63~1.44 kg
/hm2. the mean concentration of
nitrogen losses was 1.83~3.83 m
g/l and 0.16~0.49 mg/l for the p
hosphorus. the dissolve nitrog
en accounted for 70.2%~86.7% of
the nitrogen losses, that was t
he main way of nitrogen losses,
of which the nitrate nitrogen h
ad a percentage of 51.8%~69.5%,
and only 7.4%~34.9% for the amm
onium nitrogen losses. the part
icle phosphorus was the predom
inant losing phosphorus form, w
hich accounted for 60.4%~87.7%
of the phosphorus losses. the c
oefficients of nitrogen and ph
osphorus losing from runoff wa
s respectively 0.46% and 0.37% o
f a growing season. it was found
that fertilizer and runoff dis
charge were the two main factors
influencing nitrogen and phosp
horus losses, the amount of nit
rogen and phosphorus losses were
improved by fertilization
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