湖北省稻田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律初探.docVIP

湖北省稻田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律初探.doc

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湖北省稻田地表径流氮磷养分流失规律初探 摘要:在湖北省水稻主要种植区设置3个田间原位监测点,采用 径流池收集地表径流的方法,研究水稻田地表径流产生和氮磷养分 流失的规律。结果表明,2010年,全省稻田平均产生地表径流 8次,产流量平均为304.5 mm,产流系数为34.7%, 径流主要发生在4~8月降雨比较集中的时段;施肥后全省稻田年 平均总氮的流失量为4.90~10.67 kg/hm2,总磷流 失量为0.63~1.44 kg/hm2;径流水中总氮平均浓度 为1.83~3.83 mg/l,总磷浓度为0.16~0.4 9 mg/l;可溶态氮是地表径流氮素流失的主要形态,约占总 氮的70.2%~86.7%,其中尤以硝态氮的流失量最大,占 总氮的51.8%~69.5%,铵态氮流失量较小,约占总氮的 7.4%~34.9%;磷素的流失以颗粒态磷为主,占总磷的6 0.4%~87.7%;肥料氮、磷养分流失量平均分别为当季施 肥量的0.46%和0.37%。施肥和径流量是影响地表径流氮、 磷流失的主要因素,施肥导致氮、磷养分流失量增加,径流产生量 大的时段,其氮、磷的流失量也增加。 关键词:氮磷养分流失;地表径流;稻田;养分形态;湖北省 abstract: experimental plots i n situ were conducted in the ma in rice planting regions of hub ei province in 2010, the runoff water in each plot was collected and tested, to investigate the regular pattern of the surface runoff events and the nitrogen and phosphorus losses of the ri ce field. the results showed th at the surface runoff events us ually occurred in raining seas on from april to august. on aver age, 8 times of runoff events oc curred in a year, the annual amo unt of runoff was 304.5 mm and t he runoff generation coefficie nt was 34.7%; the annual amount o f nitrogen losses from rice fie ld was 4.90~10.67 kg/hm2, the ph osphorus losses was 0.63~1.44 kg /hm2. the mean concentration of nitrogen losses was 1.83~3.83 m g/l and 0.16~0.49 mg/l for the p hosphorus. the dissolve nitrog en accounted for 70.2%~86.7% of the nitrogen losses, that was t he main way of nitrogen losses, of which the nitrate nitrogen h ad a percentage of 51.8%~69.5%, and only 7.4%~34.9% for the amm onium nitrogen losses. the part icle phosphorus was the predom inant losing phosphorus form, w hich accounted for 60.4%~87.7% of the phosphorus losses. the c oefficients of nitrogen and ph osphorus losing from runoff wa s respectively 0.46% and 0.37% o f a growing season. it was found that fertilizer and runoff dis charge were the two main factors influencing nitrogen and phosp horus losses, the amount of nit rogen and phosphorus losses were improved by fertilization

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