软件工程实践者研究新设计基本概念.pptVIP

体系结构设计元素 软件的体系结构等效于房屋的平面图。平面图描绘了房间的整体布局，包括各房间的尺寸、形状、相互之间的联系，能够进出房间的门窗。平面图为我们提供了房屋的整体视图；而体系结构设计元素为我们提供了软件的整体视图。 体系结构模型从以下三个来源获得：(1)关于将要构建的软件的应用域信息；(2)特定的分析模型元素，如数据流图或分析类、现有问题中它们的关系和协作；(3)体系结构模式和风格的可获得性。 接口设计元素 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman Associates, Inc., copyright ? 1996, 2001, 2005 * 构件元素 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman Associates, Inc., copyright ? 1996, 2001, 2005 * 部署元素 These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman Associates, Inc., copyright ? 1996, 2001, 2005 * * Hierarchy can be defined as: Any ranking or ordering of abstractions into a tree-like structure. Kinds: Aggregation hierarchy, class hierarchy, containment hierarchy, inheritance hierarchy, partition hierarchy, specialization hierarchy, type hierarchy. (Dictionary of Object Technology, Firesmith, Eykholt, 1995.) Hierarchy organizes in a particular order or rank (for example, complexity, responsibility, and so on). This organization is dependent on perspective. Using a hierarchy to describe differences or variations of a particular concept provides for more descriptive and cohesive abstractions and a better allocation of responsibility. In any one system, there may be multiple abstraction hierarchies (for example, a financial application may have different types of customers and accounts). Hierarchy is neither an organizational chart nor a functional decomposition. Hierarchy is a taxonomic organization. The use of hierarchy makes it easy to recognize similarities and differences. For example, botany organizes plants into families. Chemistry organizes elements into a periodic table. Explain the concept of hierarchy