《现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit3Groundless_Beliefs》.pptVIP

;;;Warming up;Aristotle vs. Galileo’s;What are the words used by the author in referring to groundless “beliefs”? --- propositions, assumptions, dogma, opinion According to the author where do these beliefs come from? --- from other people: family, friends, media, tradition, interest groups, etc. Why do we tend to accept these beliefs? --- “suggestion”, self-interest, sentimental associations, Fashion Why do we have to be on guard against them? --- most of them are irrational; they are _________ rather than thought. --- once they become so s________ in they prevent us from accepting new ideas.;Objectives;;A. E. Mander (1894–1985) A well-published Australian scholar. ;Quotations from Mander’s book ;;Text Analysis;The Introduction (para. 1): Prevalence of groundless beliefs II. The body (paras. 2–24): Types/Causes of groundless beliefs Result of environment in early life. (paras. 2–3) Parroting. (paras. 4–13) Self-interest (paras. 14–17) Sentimental associations (paras. 18–19) Fashion (paras. 20–24) III. The conclusion (para. 25): The writer’s praise of rational thinkers ;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;What’s the author opinion of newspapers and advertisements? Why do we tend to accept only such new ideas as fit in with the ideas we already hold; and all conflicting ideas seem to us “obviously” absurd? What propositions should we treat with caution? Old propositions Obvious truths;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;How is someone’s social position defined? Popularity Respect and goodwill Prestige ;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Do you agree with the author’s arguments about “sentimental associations”? How shall we avert such a tendency? ;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;Text Analysis;What is the bio-psychological explanation for “brain path”? Why is there the “brain path”/thought pattern? In introspection, do you find any p