大学四级语法精要详解.pdfVIP

无忧英语四六级 大学英语四级语法精要 Ⅰ动词( 时态 , 语态 , 用法 , 省略 , 一致性等 ) 1. 时态 1) 现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成 ): 动作或状态从过去某时开始 , 继续到 现在 , 可能继续下去 , 也可能刚刚结束 . I ’ve been writing letters for an hour. I ’ve been sitting in the garden. 2) 过去完成进行时 ( 由 had been + ing 分词构成 ): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I ’d been working for some time when he called. We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 3) 将来完成进行时 : 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 . By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. In another month ’s time she ’ll have been studying here for three years. 4) 将来完成时 ( 由 shall/will have + 过去分词构成 ): 将来某时会业已发生的事 . I shall have finished this one before lunch. They ’ll have hit the year ’s target by the end of October. 2. 语态 1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型 , 例如 : He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计” , “相信”等意义的动词 , 常见的有 assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand 等 . It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk. 担当 be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义 . 例如 : Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. ( 你应该 晓得速度限制 ) 2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 a) 双宾语结构的被动语态 : 双宾语结构变为被动语态时 , 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语 , 另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面 , 但多数是把间接宾语变为主语 . He was asked a number of questions at the press conference. Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations. b) 宾补结构的被动语态 : 无忧英语四六