萨克拉门托水文模型 Sacramento Model.pptxVIP

CATCHMENT MODELLING  –– as part of NWS River Forecast System Here is the name of presenter i.e. Sacramento Model National Weather Service Center at Sacramento Stanford Model VI (1966) MODEL BACKGROUND Development 1966 1960s Dedicated to provide an effective technique for determining catchment discharge. Improvements applicable to wet, dry and cold areas. MODEL BACKGROUND 1973 CATCHMENT WATER BALANCE 语言能力 CATCHMENT WATER BALANCE 语言能力 Pan data Actual evapotranspiration Pan data may rise more rapidly during seasonal warming and drop more rapidly during seasonal cooling. Tension Water CATCHMENT WATER BALANCE Hygroscopic water (if any) Free Water Interception 可变不透水面积 Become impervious during wetting, with no contribution to base flow or interflow. MODEL STRUCTURE Catchment Rain 永久不透水面积 e.g. Water Surfaces Rocks Direct flow Surface flow Interflow Infiltration Upper zone flow Upper Zone Surface 1-PFREE PFREE Tension Water Free Water Primary Supple- mental ET Primary Base Flow Supplemental Base Flow Total Base Flow Non-Channel Base Flow Channel Base Flow Upper Zone Flow Channel Total ET Channel Outflow Percolation Lower Zone MODEL COMPONENTS Upper Zone Flow PCTIM 永久不透水面积 Rainfall PCTIM Direct Runoff ADIMP 可变不透水面积 Upper Zone Tension Water Deficiency Rainfall Excess PCTIM+ADIMP Surface Runoff Rainfall Excess Rainfall UZTWM UZTWC MODEL COMPONENTS PCTIM 永久不透水面积 ADIMP 可变不透水面积 UZTWM UZTWC 上层张力水最大容量 上层张力水当前值 Upper Zone Flow MODEL COMPONENTS UZFWC UZFWM 上层自由水当前值 上层土侧向排水系数 UZK 上层自由水最大容量 1-PCTIM-ADIMP 透水面积 UZK Interflow 1-PCTIM-ADIMP UZFWC Upper Zone Flow Direct flow Surface flow Interflow Histogram Sum of flow Time-delayed routing MODEL COMPONENTS Percolation Percolation To free water aquifer PFREE To tension water aquifer 1-PFREE PFREE Normally 0.0-0.4, 0.5 for marshes and 0.99 for water surfaces. The process in which water moves from upper zone to lower zone MODEL COMPONENTS Percolation Upper Zone Moisture Conditions Lower Zone Moisture Conditions Lower Zone Dr