生产成本教学文案.pptVIP

Chapter 13 The Costs of Production;The Market Forces of Supply and Demand;13.1 What Are Costs?;13.1.1 Total Revenue, Total Cost, and Profit;13.1.2 Costs as Opportunity Costs;13.1.4 Economic Profit versus Accounting Profit;Figure 1 Economic versus Accountants;Economists include all opportunity costs when analyzing a firm, whereas accountant measure only explicit costs. Therefore, economic profit is smaller than accounting profit.;Table 1 A Production Function and Total Cost: Hungry Helen’s Cookies Factory;13.2 Production and Costs;13.2 The Production Function;A production function shows the relationship between the number of workers hired and the quantity of output produced. Here the number of workers hired (on the horizontal axis) is from the first column in Table 13-1, and the quantity of output produced (on the vertical axis) is from the second column. The production function gets flatter as the number of workers increase, which reflects diminishing marginal product.;13.2.1 The Production Function;13.2.2 From the Production Function to the Total-Cost Curve;Table 1 A Production Function and Total Cost: Hungry Helen’s Cookies Factory;A total-cost curve shows the relationship between the quantity of output produced and total cost of production. Here the quantity of output produced (on the horizontal axis) is from the second column in Table 13-1, and the total cost (on the vertical axis) is from the sixth column. The total-cost curve gets steeper as the quantity of output increases because of diminishing marginal product.;From the Production Function to the Total-Cost Curve;Costs of production may be divided into fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are those costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced. Variable costs are those costs that do vary with the quantity of output produced. Total costs Total Fixed costs (TFC) Total Variable costs (TVC) Total costs (TC) TC = TFC + TVC;Table 2 The Various Measures of Cost: Thirsty Thelma’s