中英名词对照.pptVIP

Pattern vision is afforded by the distribution of discrete light receptors over the surface of the retina. There are two classes of receptors: cones and rods. The number of cones in each eye: 6 to 7 millions The number of rods in each eye: 75 to 150 millions The cones is concentrated in the central portion of the retina (fovea). The rods are distributed over the retinal surface. Photopic (bright-light) vision: vision with cones color receptors, high resolution in the fovea, less sensitive to light Scotopic (dim-light) vision: vision with rods color blind, much more sensitive to light (night vision), lower resolution Focal length of the eye: 17 to 14 mm Let h be the height in mm of that object in the retinal image, then 15/100 = h / 17 , h = 2.55mm The retinal image is reflected primarily in the area of the fovea. Three basic quantities described the quality of a chromatic (彩色的) light source: Radiance: the total amount energy that flow from the light source (can be measured) Luminance: the amount of energy an observer perceives from a light source (can be measured) Brightness: a subjective descriptor of light perception; perceived quantity of light emitted (cannot be measured) Relationship between frequency ( ) and wavelength ( ) , where c is the speed of light Energy of a photon , where h is Planck’s constant Nowadays most visible and near IR electromagnetic imaging is done with 2-dimensional charged-coupled devices (CCDs). Binary images: images having only two possible brightness levels (black and white) Gray scale images : “black and white” images Color images: can be described mathematically as three gray scale images Let f(x,y) be an image function, then f(x,y) = i(x,y) r(x,y), where i(x,y): the illumination function r(x,y): the reflection function Note: 0 i(x,y) ∞ and 0 r(x,y) 1. For digital images the minimum gray level is usually 0, but the maximum depends