弗朗西斯培根(2).ppt

was an Irish-born figurative painter of English descent known for his bold, austere, graphic and often tortured imagery. Bacons abstract figures typically appear isolated in glass or steel geometrical cages set against flat, nondescript backgrounds. Painter Bacon The Baconian System of Philosophy best known as a philosophical advocate and defender of the scientific revolution. His works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. In the context of his time, such methods were connected with the occult trends of hermeticism(赫耳墨斯神智学） and alchemy（炼金术，魔力） Philosopher Bacon founder of modern science in England. * famous for his “Essays”; the first English essayist. 1597, 10 essays published. 1605, “Advancement of Learning”. 1620, “New Instrument”: induction, the inductive method of reasoning. 阐述了归纳法 1625, collection of 58 essays with wide variety of subjects: love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death, etc. Bacon’s achievements text--of studies = Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.??Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. ?For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned.? 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 Reading has three functions.It delights you;it beautifies you; and it strengthens your ability练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫for Quotes To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much