蒸馏分馏环己烯的制备.pptVIP

* Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation 1. Purpose Study the principle and methods of Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation used for purifying organic liquids. Grasp the techniques of simple distillation and fractional distillation. 2. Principle 2.1 Simple distillation When the vapor pressure of the liquid being heated equals the atmospheric pressure on the surface of the liquid, it boils. The temperature at that moment, is called boiling point. Every pure organic compound has a fixed boiling point at a certain pressure. But sometimes an organic compound together with other components can form a binary or ternary azeotrope mixture(二元或三元共沸物）, which also has a definite boiling point. So it is difficult to say whether a liquid is a pure organic compound, based on its definite boiling point. The boiling range of a pure compound is about 0.5-1 ℃. But that of mixture is larger, usually you can determine the boiling point of a liquid compound by distillation. Whenever possible, simple distillation is always used to separate liquid mixtures which have boiling points more than about 30 ℃ apart. Simple distillation is a process that consists of boiling a liquid and condensing the vapor to the liquid state. 2.2 Fractional distillation Fractional distillation is more effective than simple distillation, is also a commonly used technique of the separation and purification of liquid organic compounds with a smaller boiling point difference. As the vapor from the distillation flask rises up through the fractionating column, it condenses on the column packing and revaporizes continuously. Fractional distillation is a distillation operation with a fractionating column which is equivalent to several successive simple distillations. If repeated, that means the process goes through many vaporization-condensation cycles and has the effect of many distillations. In fact, vapor and condensate are passing in opposite directions through the column. More volatile com