2020版高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破通用版讲义：专题一 语法填空与短文改错 第二部分 第三节 .docxVIP

第三节　名词、冠词和数词 考向分析 热考点 语法填空：名词考查重点为单复数，变动词和形容词；冠词是考查热点，多关注固定结构；数词考查较少。 短文改错： 名词重点考查可数名词未用复数和不可数名词误用复数；冠词的误用和漏用都要关注；数词考查基数词变化为序数词。 新考向 2019全国卷中减少了对名词单复数的考查，加强了对名词变动词或形容词的考查。 题型一　关于名词、冠词和数词的语法填空 1．No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in eq \x(various) (activity) on Earth Day.(2019·北京) 答案　activities 解析　考查名词复数。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。 2．Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江) 答案　dishes 解析　考查名词复数。dish菜肴，为可数名词，中式菜肴有很多种，故此处用dish的复数形式。 3．A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from eq \x(all) (cause)．(2018·全国Ⅰ) 答案　causes 解析　考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。 4．This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had eq \x(some) unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国Ⅰ) 答案　effects 解析　考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。 5．It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017·全国Ⅱ) 答案　crowds 解析　考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。 6．She has turned down eq \x(several) (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 答案　invitations 解析　考查名词复数。several表“几个”，其后要用名词invitation的复数形式。 7．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out eq \x(a handful of) small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.(2017·浙江) 答案　carrots 解析　考查名词复数。a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。 8．Recent (study) eq \x(show) that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016·全国Ⅱ) 答案　studies 解析　考查名词复数。根据后面的谓语动词show，表示复数形式，故主语也应是复数形式。 提示词是名词，首先分析句子，确认不需要改变词性，就可以考虑用名词复数形式。一些标志词可以快速确认。 1．修饰词 ①one of＋名词复数。 ②大于2的基数词，different，various，many，the