多普勒天气雷达基本原理和应用强对流风暴与其雷达回波特性.ppt

? 宽广的钩状、逗点状和螺旋状的回波表明强降水包裹着中气旋。 ? 前侧V型槽口回波表明强的入流气流进入上升气流（低层WER或BWER位置之上）。 ? 后侧V型槽口回波表明强的下沉气流，并有可能引起破坏性大风（可能的后侧下沉气流或后侧入流急流）。 与强降水（HP）超级单体风暴相伴随的强天气有破坏性大风、各种级别的龙卷、冰雹、下击暴流和暴洪等。 强降水超级单体风暴两种不同的演变模型 弱降水超级单体 LP Supercell - front flank * Synoptic-scale: advection of air masses suitable for convection Mesoscale: convective outflows, and fronts serve to initiate convection. * * Weak winds aloft, R to L, precip cascade visible (small anvil), dissipating updraft, scalloped anvil * * If I were the photographer who took the picture in the previous page, I would be standing at point A depicted in light blue in the horizontal cross-section of this supercell schematic. The WER is a region of weak echoes underneath the sloping echo overhang whose reflectivitys are generally above 45 dBZ. The WER should persist longer than the transit time for hydrometeors to reach the ground. This second requirement eliminates the temporary WERs associated with the updraft phases of low shear pulse convective cells. Note that only part of the WER(in white) is occupied by updraft in the vertical cross-section. * No beaver’s tail or tail cloud, towers above wrapping RFD gust front * Looking into RFD from behind, precip cascade to the left, no visible precip within RFD * Rotation is pretty evident! * No beaver’s tail or tail cloud * Example of a supercell, more discussion to follow: severe storm. Updraft, precip, Lightning, moving along OFB from another storm (to the right) * Very little visible precip in downsream anvil cascade, striations evidence of rotation, RFD weak or absent SUPERCELL The WER Is the region of weak echo beneath the sloping echo overhang ( 45 dBZ) Persists longer than it would take for hydrometeors above the WER to fall to ground After Lemon, 1980 钩状回波的各种变形 经典超级单体风暴 ? 1999 C. Doswell CL supercell - front flank CL supercell - rear flank A supercell storm 0.5 1.5 3.5 4.3 长沙（上）和常德（下）雷达径向速度图 经典超级单体例子3 2007年7月27日反中气旋超级单体（常德SB雷达） 2007年7月27日反中气旋超级单体（常德SB雷达） 强降水超级单体 HP