有机化学第6章卤代烷.ppt

Nucleophilicity of the Reagents 1）Same attacking atom：negative neutral HO- H2O -NH2 NH3 RO- ROH 2）Same attacking atom：commonly, basity? nucleophilicity? RO- HO- ArO- RCOO- （Acidity： ROH H2O ArOH RCOOH） 3）Atoms in the same group，Atomic serial number? nucleophilicity? Reason：polarizing ability 4）Stereo effects （CH3)3CO- (D) Effects of Solvents Solvent stabilizes the reactants 稳定带电荷反应物种 Protic Solvents 质子溶剂 Highly polar，contains –OH，-NH2 …… 极性很强，含－OH，－NH2等基团 e.g. H2O，ROH, NH3 Aprotic Polar Solvents非质子极性溶剂