《心的外形和腔内结构》.pptVIP

Functional and Applied Anatomy of Heart;1. 心的位置、毗邻，出入心的大血管的外形和位置， 心的外形和腔内结构 2. 心瓣膜复合器研究进展 3. 心的胚胎发生 4. 先天性心脏病 5. 心壁的构造和心的神经支配 6. 心传导系的应用解剖 7. 心的血供和静脉血回流 8. 心和大大血管的影像学基础 9. 心功能调节 10. 心的解剖操作（1） 11. 心的解剖操作（2） 12. 课堂讨论 13. 结业考试;Shape of Heart Internal Structures of Heart Chambers;The vascular system is a closed network of vessels in the body. It is subdivided into: Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system;Cardiovascular System;＞1 cm;1. Walls of veins are thinner than those of correspongding arteries ----because they need not withstand as much pressure 2. Veins have less elastic fibers in their walls ----because they need not dampen any pulsations (all of pulsations are smoothed out by arteries before the blood reaches the veins) 3. The lumens of veins are larger than those of comparable arteries ----at any given time veins hold fully 60-65% of the body’s blood;4. Some veins have valves ----preventing the backflow of blood; Valves are most abundant in veins of limbs, where the superior direction of venous flow is mostly opposed by gravity. The flow of blood toward the heart pushes valves apart; backflow pushes valves together.;5. Veins can be classified into superficial veins and deep veins ----superficial veins form venous network in some places, and unattended by any arteries; ----deep veins run with corresponding arteries and nerves, and form venous plexuses in wall of some viscera. Usually, a artery is accompanied by several deep veins.;;Vascular Anastomosis and Significance;Colleteral Anatomosis Colleteral Circulation;A. Size;B. Location;左上点：左第2肋软骨下缘 距胸骨侧缘约1.2cm。;;;心的位置与体型有关，故正常心按位置分三型： （1）垂位心 纵径与垂直轴的夹角 45o，见于瘦长型 （2）横位心 纵径与膈的夹角 45o，见于矮胖型 （3）斜位心 纵径与膈的夹角=45o，见于适中型;Please note: The heart varies in location during different phases of respiration and in pneumothorax.;The angle between the cardiac axis and midsagittal plane is