能源和节能技术应用常规能源.pptVIP

余热的利用 余热的直接利用 发电 综合利用 When magnets are moved near a wire, an electric current is generated in that wire. 6. Condensers and the cooling water system Cooling water is drawn into the plant and circulated through condensers, which cools steam discharged from the turbine. Steam from the turbine also passes through the condensers in separate pipes from cooling water. The cold water is warmed by the steam, which condenses back into pure water and circulates back to the boiler to begin the process of generating electricity again. Cooling water, now warm from the heat exchange in the condensers, is released from the plant. 7. Water treatment plant: water purification To reduce corrosion, water must be purified for use in the boiler tubes. Other wastewater systems within the plant collect water used to clean pipes and other equipment, and sludge from the water purification process and other processes. Waste water is pumped out of the plant and into the holding ponds. 8. Precipitator, Ash systems Ash that builds up on the precipitators plates is vibrated off and collected in large hoppers or bins. Fly ash and bottom ash are removed from the plants and hauled to disposal sites or ash lagoons. Depending on the market demand, fly ash produced from TransAltas three plants is sold to the cement industry for construction. 9. Substation, transformer, transmission lines Once the electricity is generated, transformers increase the voltage so it can be carried across the transmission lines. Once electricity is delivered to substations in cities and towns, the voltage flowing into the distribution lines is reduced, and then reduced again to distribute electricity to customers 现有的技术较为成熟的发电方式 火电，水电、风电、地热电、潮汐电、核电、日电、化学电 火电和水电是发展历史最长久、应用范围最广泛、发电总量比例最大 。火电占世界发电总量的70% 。 发展速度最快的是核裂变的核电 经过约100年的发展，到1980年全世界发电装机总容量达到20．24亿kw，年发电量达到82473亿kw·h 1997年全世界发电装机容量超过32亿kw，年发电量达到139487亿kw·h。 世界主要国家发电量 1995年底（单位：亿千瓦时）注：*为1994年实绩 我国电网分布 2000年全国分地区电力工业人均指标 2000年全国分地区电力工业人均指标 2.我国电力工业