农村残疾人社会保障与服务体系建设现状与对策.PDFVIP

/ 专题研究 农村残疾人. / Monographic Study·Rural Disabled 农村残疾人社会保障与服务体系建设 现状与对策 * ——以东北农村残疾人调查为例 ■宋宝安 摘要 【 】我国农村残疾人社会保障与服务体系（以下为两个体系）建设取得了很大成就，绝大 多数残疾人基本生活得到了切实保障，基本服务需求也能够得到一定程度的满足。但由于我国长期 形成的城乡二元结构等客观因素的限制，农村残疾人的社会保障与服务体系建设与城市存在巨大差 别，难以满足农村残疾人的基本需要。掣肘农村残疾人两个体系建设的因素，既有社会经济发展水 平不高的原因，也有制度设计部门重视不够的原因，还有管理部门责任不清、社会对残疾人关爱不 足的原因。解决农村残疾人两个体系建设严重缺失的问题，必须充分发挥各级政府特别是县级政府 的主导作用，加强制度建设，加大资金投入，建立以乡镇为核心、村为依托的残疾人服务体系，明 确各级管理部门的责任，建立干部考核机制和公众监督机制 ；弘扬现代残疾人观和公平理念，解决 重度残疾人和精神病残疾人集中供养问题，建立普惠基础上的特惠制度，克服残疾人两个体系建设 中出现的形式上的平等掩盖事实上的不平等弊端。 关键词 【 】农村残疾人 ；社会保障与服务 ；管理体制 ；特惠制度 The Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Two Systems Construction for the Rural Disabled --A Survey of Rural Disabled in Northeast as an Example SONG Bao-an 【 】Social security of rural persons with disabilities and service system construction has made Abstract great achievements, the basic livelihood of the vast majority of people with disabilities has been effectively protected, the basic services for the disabled needs are met. But due to limitations on macroeconomic factors such as long-term formation of urban rural dual structure, there is a huge disparity between the social security and the service system for rural disabilities and those in cities; it is difficult to meet the basic needs of rural people with disabilities. There are four reasons affecting two systems for rural disabled that are relatively low social and economic development level, not enough importance attached by system design departments, unclear management responsibility, as well as the lack of care for the disabled. To correct the weakness in construction of two systems for rural persons with disabilities, the leading