《中国古代建筑及构造》.docVIP

中国古代建筑及构造 宫palace，temple 殿hall 厅hall又称「堂」 室room 房house 亭pavilion 台platform 坛altar 楼storied building* 阁pavilion 廊colonnade 榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house 四合院courtyard house 寨stockaded village 舫boat house 阙que，watchtower 牌楼pailou，decorated gateway 华表huabiao，ornamental pillar 塔pagoda 硬山flush gable roof 悬山overhanging gable roof 歇山gable and hip roof 庑殿hip roof 四阿hip roof 卷棚round ridge roof 重檐double eave roof 攒尖pyramidal roof 园攒尖round pavilion roof 大木wooden structure 大式wooden frame with dougong 小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work 小木作joinery work 抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction 檐柱eave column 金柱hypostyle column 内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语 内柱hypostyle column宋代术语 山柱center column 角柱corner column唐、宋术语 瓜柱short column 脊瓜柱king post 蜀柱king post宋代术语 雷公柱suspended column 帐杆suspended column宋代术语 侧脚cejiao宋代术语 卷杀entasis 梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语 角背bracket 由戗inverted V-shaped brace 叉手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语 柁墩wooden pier 驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语 梁beam 栿beam宋代术语 月梁crescent beam 三架梁3-purlin beam 平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语 四架梁4-purlin beam 五架梁5-purlin beam 四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语 六架梁6-purlin beam 七架梁7-purlin beam 六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语 九架梁9-purlin beam 八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语 单步梁one-step cross beam 双步梁two-step cross beam 挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam 乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语 抱头梁baotou beam 穿插枋penetrating tie 角梁hip rafer 桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式 檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式 槫purlin宋代术语 脊桁ridged purlin大式 脊檩ridged purlin小式 脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语 金桁intermediate purlin大式 金檩intermediate purlin小式 上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语 老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语 正心桁eave purlin大式 檐檩eave purlin小式 下平槫eave purlin宋代术语 额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式 檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式 阑额architrave宋代术语 由额垫板cushion board大式 檐垫板cushion board小式 枋tiebeam 脊枋ridge tiebeam 上金枋upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋lower purlin tiebeam 老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造 檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造 顶椽top rafter 脑椽upper raft