数字设计基础双语课件（第2章）.pptVIP

2.4 Universal gates NOT, AND, OR from NOR gates * 2.5 Other gates 1. Exclusive-OR gate The exclusive-OR operation is: A ? B = AB + AB A B A?B Symbol Truth table * 2.5 Other gates The exclusive-OR operation is not regarded as a fundamental operation because the operation can be broken down into AND, OR and NOT operation. The basic identities for the exclusive-OR operation are: A ? 0 = A; A ? 1 = A; A ? A = 0; A ? A = 1; A ? B = A ? B = A ? B; The exclusive-OR operation also obeys the commutative, associative and distributive laws: Commutative law: A ? B = B ? A Associative law: (A ? B) ? C = A ? (B ?C) Distributive law: A ? (B ? C) = AB ? AC * 2.5 Other gates 2. Exclusive-NOR gate The exclusive-NOR operation is: A ⊙ B = AB + AB A B A⊙B Symbol Truth table * * * * * * * * * 2. Logic gates 2.1 Logic signals 2.2 Basic logic functions 2.3 Boolean relationships 2.4 Universal gates 2.5 Other gates 2.6 Gate design * 2.1 Logic signals Two-valued signals are used in digital systems to represent ON/OFF control actions and to represent the digits of binary numbers. We often use the higher voltage to represent a logic 1 and lower voltage to represent a logic 0. A voltage level will represent each of the two logic values. 1. Two-valued logic signals * 2.1 Logic signals 2. Algebra manipulation of two-valued variables Just as complex arithmetic expressions are created by using a few basic arithmetic operations, logic functions can be specified by using simple logic operations. Logic functions can be thought of as algebraic expressions where variables can take on only one of the two values. * 2.2 Basic logic functions There are three fundamental operations in Boolean algebra from which all logic functions can be developed, namely: NOT; AND; OR They are implemented by circuits called gates. A gate accepts logic signals and produces a logic output according to a basic logic function of the inputs. * 2.2 Basic logic functions 1. NOT gate D