化学微生物学.pptxVIP

化学微生物学;Why should we study chem-microbiology?;H1N1;;;;;;;;近年来重大的危害性微生物;;;;;化学与生物学联合，是生命科学研究发展的必然结果 微生物作为基础生物科学及应用科学，在生命、医药等领域是重要的研究工具，所以化学微生物学也就相应成为化学生物学专业重要的基础课程 ;HGP对人类的影响;HGP的完成，药物的靶标分子从原先的不足500个发展到具有潜在活性2000~5000个. 21世纪的新药研究,先导化合物的设计已经成为热点。在目前众多新药研究方法中, “基于靶标结构的合理药物设计”备受关注，具有很大的潜力。 ;2001年，美国国立卫生研究院下属的国家癌症研究所（NCI）启动了一个计划，希望全世界的科学家将所有小分子化合物的结构及其生物学效应或与蛋白质作用的信息，存入一个公共的数据库。这个公共数据库被称为“化学银行”（ChemBank）。; Two major reasons;Microbes impinge on all aspects of life, just a few of these are listed below:;The environment Medicine Food Biotechnology Research; Microbes are responsible for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphors (geochemical cycles), all essential components of living organisms . They are found in association with plants in symbiotic relationships, maintain soil fertilitv and may also be used to clean up the environment of toxic compounds (bio-remediation etc). ;;Microbes have been used for thousands of years, in many processes, to produce food, from brewing and wine making, through cheese production and bread making, to the manufacture of soy sauce . At the other end of the scale, microbes are responsible for food spoilage, and disease-causing microbes are frequently carried on food .;Traditionally microbes have been used to synthesize many important chemicals such as acetone and acetic acid More recently he advent of genetic engineering techniques has led to the cloning of pharmaceutically important polypeptides into microbes, which may hen be produced on a large scale.;Microbes have been used extensively as model organisms for the investigation of biochemical and genetical processes as they are much easier to work with than more complex animals and plants. Millions of copies of the same single cell can be produced in large numbers very quickly and at low cost to give plenty of homogeneous experimental material. An additional advantage is that most people have no ethical objections to experiments with these microorganisms.;;Fig.1-2 Microbiological res