人卫7版微生物chapter45细菌的遗传与变异.pptxVIP

Chapter 5 Bacterial Genetics and variationBasic ConceptsHeredity（遗传）Variation（变异）Genotypic variation（基因型变异）：resulted from gene alteration (irreversible) Phenotypic variation（表型变异）：caused by the environmental conditions (reversible) Variation phenomenon变异表现Shape and structure variationColony variation菌落变异Antigenicity variation抗原性变异Virulence variation毒力变异 Resistant variation耐药性变异Vibrio cholerae（霍乱弧菌）L form Normal H OBacillus anthracic (炭疽杆菌), Bacillus proteus (变形杆菌) Smooth光滑型Rough粗糙型Bovine TB BCG Virulent strain of Bovine tubercle bacilli inoculate Special media (bile胆汁, glycerine甘油 , potato)cultureAttenuated Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG)?13 years (230 generations) β-Corynebacterium phageproduce toxinDiphtheria bacilli Atoxic diphtheria bacilliToxigenic diphtheria bacilli OutlineGenetic materials of bacteriaBacteriophage (Chapter 4) ★Gene transfer and recombination ★Gene mutationSignificance of bacterial genetic variation Genetic materials of bacteriaChromosomes染色体Plasmids质粒Transposable elements转座因子Integron (整合子)Phage噬菌体1. Bacterial ChromosomeDNA forms: ds-DNA, circleCharacteristics of bacterial chromosomeNucleoidA circular, double-stranded molecule of DNA4.6×106bp, 4000 genesNo introns in structure gene → needn’t post transcription cleavage Most of the DNA for encoding proteinOnly a few overlapping genes Operon (操纵子), regulon (调节子) Electron Micrograph of An E.coli DNAAnE. coli bacillus was treated with an enzyme to weaken its wall, then placed in water, causing itsDNA to leak out.(╳16,000)2. Plasmids（质粒）Plasmids are small, usually circular，extrachromosomal, double-stranded DNA molecules.They are capable of self-replicationContain genes that confer some properties，such as antibiotic resistance，virulence factors.Plasmids are not essential for cellular survival.Conjugative (接合性) and nonconjugative (非接合性)Compatibility (相容性) and incompatibility (不相容性)Classification of PlasmidsPhenotypic effectsFertility致育 plasmid (F factors)Resista