高考英语试题分项解析：社会生活说理议论类(含解析).pdf

社会生活、说理议论类 2018 年高考题 C 【2018 ·全国 I 】 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit ( 联系 )groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English ．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位数 )of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left.