动物生理学5呼吸系统生理上.pptxVIP

5 Respiration;5.1 pulmonary ventilation;5.1.1　肺通气的原理 ;Intrapulmonary pressures 肺内压 平静呼吸 吸气时 -2~ -1 mmHg (-0.266~ -0.133Kpa) 呼气时 1~ 2 mmHg (0.133~ 0.266Kpa) 用力呼吸 (forced breathing) 用力吸气　-100~ -30 mmHg 用力呼气　60~ 140 mmHg;The pressure in thoracic cavity (intrapleural pressures)　胸膜腔内压 pulmonary ventilation: As long as interplueral pressure remains less than atmospheric pressure, the dimensions of the lungs follow closely the dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Lung movements results from contraction of respiratory muscles associated with the movement of structures in thoracic cavity wall and of the diaphragm.;Pleura ： surrounding each lung is a serous (含浆液的）membrane, the pleura. The out layer adheres to the inner thoracic wall and the diaphragm. The inner layer covers the lung the potential space between the two layers is called the pleural cavity, the layers normally move easily over each other with movement of the thorax. Pressure in the interpleural space is always negative.（平静呼吸时） 　　气胸（Pneumothorax) 　　胸膜腔内压＝肺内压－肺回缩压 　　当呼吸暂停时　胸膜腔内压＝大气压－肺回缩压 　　若以大气压为“0”　胸膜腔内压＝－肺回缩压 　　胸腔负压也可作用于腔静脉和胸导管，影响静脉血和淋巴的回流。;5.1.1.2 肺通气的阻力 　肺通气的阻力有两种： 　弹性阻力（70%），包括肺的弹性阻力和胸廓的弹性阻力 　非弹性阻力（30%），包括气道阻力等　 弹性阻力和顺应性（Compliance） 　C＝?V/?P (L/cmH2O) 肺表面活性物质（pulmonary surfactant) 　　是复杂的脂蛋白混合物，主要成分是二软脂酰卵磷脂（DPPC）和表面活性物质结合蛋白（SP）。作用是降低肺泡液－气界面的表面张力，而肺的回缩力减小。 　生理意义：维持肺泡的稳定性；减少肺间质和肺泡内组织液生成，防止肺水肿；降低吸气阻力，减少呼吸做功。 　　早产婴儿;5.1.2　肺通气功能的评价 　5.1.2.1 Pulmonary volume and Pulmonary Capacity;5.1.2.2 Pulmonary ventilation volume and alveolar ventilation volume ;5.2 Gas Exchanges;The partial pressure of respiratory gases at different parts of the body ; 5.2.2 Gas Exchanges in the Lung The exchange of gases in the lung between the inspired air and the blood is governed by several important physiological mechanisms. In an ideal cardiorespiratory system, perfect equilibration between the air and the blood might be expected. This would provide optimal efficiency in gas exchange. Unfortun