《硕士博士英语毕业论文写作》Chapter11CitationandReferences.ppt

Footnotes Definition: Footnotes, also called “bottom notes” or “end-of-thenotes”, mark its use by adding a number in upper case to the upper right corner of the words or sentences to be noted, and then put the note in the bottom of the page. E.g. ________________________ 22 Note, this is different from the reference scenario referred to throughout this paper, in that it includes the impact on demand of prices generated by the ERIS model. 23 And around 86% of cumulative alcohol consumption in transport. Endnotes Endnotes are put at the end of the article. Endnotes help readers understand and retrieve relevant documentations. It should be noted that the numbers of the endnotes must be consistent with the sequence in the article. E.g. Notes 1. Leonard Shatzkin, In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982). 2. Paul Starr, “The Electronic Reader”, in Reading in the 1980s, ed. Stephen Braubard ( NewYork: Bowker, 1983), 149. 3. Shatzkin, 79. 4. Starr, 149. Methods to Avoid Plagiarism ① Summarize what you have read immediately after you have read it and without referring back to the source in order to avoid copying directly from the source. ② When copying directly from the source or even paraphrase what you have read, be sure to note the page number from which it comes. ③ In writing, provide clear references to the sources quoted. Document all the sources quoted in the References section. References Name Definition Usage APA American Psychological Association Guidelines and rules for proper grammatical usage, citation formats, or paper writing from the American Psychological Association (APA). used in social science works. CMS Chicago Manual of Style Guidelines and rules on proper grammatical usage, citation formats, or paper writing from either the Chicago Manual of Style or Kate L. MLA Modern Language Association Guidelines and rules for proper grammatical usage, citati