七年制呼吸系统.pptxVIP

Introduction;上、下呼吸道;1. characteristics of respiratory system;鼻窦(paranasal sinuses);咽部（pharynx）;鼻泪管（Eustachian tube）;喉（larynx）; The low airway;Trachea and bronchus;The right bronchus →direct continuation of the trachea; The left bronchus spreads out from the lateral surface of trachea; So foreign body →often aspirated into right bronchus;lungs;(3) Mediastinum and chest wall;2.physiological characteristics;(2) Type of respiration In infant →abdominal respiration. After the child stands up and walks →the diaphragm moves downward →the chest cavity →increased →abdominal-chest respiration appears. abdominal-chest respiration (3)Volume of tidal air 6 ml per kg when the respiration is peaceful. ;3.The immune characteristics;Acute upper respiratory infection ;病 因（etiology）;Have you ever had a cold? When you catch a cold ，how did you feel ? ;Clinical manifestations;Clinic manifestation;特殊类型;疱疹性咽峡炎 Herpangina;咽结合膜热(pharyngo-conjunctival fever);并发症(Complications) ;实验室检查（Laboratory）;诊断 Diagnosis; 鉴别诊断 differential diagnosis;治疗 Treatment;预防 Prevention;肺炎（pneumonia）;概 念;肺炎的分类Classification of pneumonia;概念;分 类;细菌性肺炎 病毒性肺炎 支原体肺炎 衣原体肺炎 真菌性肺炎 原虫性肺炎;支气管肺炎 (Bronchopneumonia) 大叶性肺炎 (Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia) 间质性肺炎 (Interstitial Pneumonia);按病程分类;按病情分类;按发生肺炎的地区分类;按临床表现典型与否分类;支气管肺炎Bronchopneumonia;病 因（etiology）;?? The incidence of Bacterial↓（pneumococcal,Staphylococcus, strptococcus, colibacillus) Mycoplasma↑ Viruses (RSV, ADV) ;病理pathophysiology;病理生理;; 1.呼吸功能不全 由于通气和换气障碍 氧－/→肺泡－/→血液 血含氧量↓致低氧血症 二氧化碳－/→血液－/→肺泡 CO2↑ SaO2 ﹤85%, 还原血红蛋白﹥50g/L时，出现发绀。 PaO2 ﹤50mmHg(6.67kPa) 和／或PaCO2 ﹥50mmHg(6.67kPa)即为呼吸衰竭。;3.循环系统 心肌炎 右心负荷增加 心力衰竭 弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）; 4.神经系统 颅内压增加 脑水肿 中毒性脑病; 5.胃肠道功能紊乱 胃肠功能紊乱 腹泻、呕吐 中毒性肠麻痹 消化道出血;主要症状systoms;体征sign;Severe pneumonia;循环系统;循环系统;神经系统;消化系统;抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征（SIADH）;实验室检查 Laboratory finding;B. Etiologic agent isolated; pH PaO2 SaO2 PaCO2 HCO3ˉ I型呼衰 PaO2＜6.