《测试信号》教学课件Chapter7_Lec1.ppt

最大通带衰减 * 以弧度为单位的归一化角频率 * * * 大概的流程 * * * * * * Transition ratio 过渡比 Discrimination parameter 分辨参数 * maximally-flat magnitude 最大平坦幅度特性 * * * * * * * * * * * Butterworth Approximation The magnitude-square response of an N-th order analog lowpass Butterworth filter is given by First derivatives of at are equal to zero The Butterworth lowpass filter thus is said to have a maximally-flat magnitude at * Butterworth Approximation Gain in dB is As and dB is called the 3-dB cutoff frequency * Butterworth Approximation Typical magnitude responses with * 3-dB cutoff frequency Butterworth Approximation Two parameters completely characterizing a Butterworth lowpass filter are and N These are determined from the specified bandedges and , and minimum passband magnitude , and maximum stopband ripple * Butterworth Approximation and N are thus determined from Solving the above we get * Butterworth Approximation Since order N must be an integer, value obtained is rounded up to the next highest integer e.g., 2.29?3 This value of N is used next to determine by satisfying the stopband edge specification exactly * * Butterworth Approximation Steps to design an analog filter: Find out Determine the order N Determine the (according to the stopband edge specification ) Write down the H(s) * Butterworth Approximation Example - Determine the lowest order of a Butterworth lowpass filter with a 1-dB cutoff frequency at 1 kHz and a minimum attenuation of 40 dB at 5 kHz Now which yields and which yields * Butterworth Approximation Therefore and Hence We choose N = 4 * Determine the Write down the transfer function of the analog filter * Butterworth Approximation Other Approximations Chebyshev Approximation Elliptic Approximation Type-I Type-I