《英语修辞学》9换愉，提喻.ppt

Classifications of Synecdoche A. The part for the whole 1. They were short of hands at harvest time. 2. a girl of ten summers 3. The poor man had six mouths to feed. 4. Give us this day our daily bread. 5. The poor man is now left without a roof. 6. A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts. B. The whole for the part 1. Australia beat Canada at cricket. (= the Australian team beat the Canadian team) 2. He has gained a footing in the musical world. ? field 3.The trees turn yellow in autumn. ? leaves 4. Then he cut me open and took out the appendix and stitched me up again. (= cut his abdomen open) ? C. The species for the genus（以种代替属）： Spring vanishes with the rose. ? flowers（rose属于flowers中的一种。） It will cost you a pretty penny. ? money（penny属于money中的一种。） He could hardly earn his everyday bread. ? food D. The genus for the species（以属代替种） ： I dont like eating meat. ? pork （meat包括pork在内的任何一种肉。） What a lovely creature! ? a beautiful woman（creature包括woman在内的任何一种人。） G. The material for the thing from which it is made（以制作材料代物）： He had only a few coppers in his pocket. 他口袋里只有几枚铜币。 ? coins She was dressed in silks. ? silk clothes Metonymy synecdoche 当两样东西互相没有隶属关系但又关系紧密，说道其中一样就是人很快联想起另一样来得是转喻。 两者之间有隶属关系或用局部代替全部或者用全部代替局部的就是提喻。 5.7 Euphemism(委婉语) Definition Euphemism = “eu” +“pheme” (well) (speech) It literally means “to speak with good words”. Euphemism is a figure of speech which consists in the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. substitution of mild or vague or roundabout expression for one that is harssh or direct. The Funtions of Euphemism 1. Taboo Euphemisms originated from primitive society. People believed that language was not merely a symbol but also with magic power. It could bring them misfortunes as well as fortunes, mentioning a certain name