常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习.docVIP

PAGE4/ NUMPAGES5 英语语法复习一——句子成分 英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。 其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型） 句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整） 主语（名词结构的词可做主语） 1.名词 School is over. Bread is made from flour. 2.代词 He enjoys playing tennis. She likes to watch TV on Sundays. 3.the +形容词 The rich envy the happiness of the poor. The beautiful lives forever. 4. to+do不定式 To keep early hours makes us healthy. To see is to believe. 5. doing 动名词 Jogging is good for our health. Writing well requires much practice. 6. 名词短语 How to solve the problem troubles me much. 7. 主语从句 That the earth is round is known to everyone. Why he resigned is a mystery to me. It(形式主语) is obvious that he knows everything（主语从句）. 二、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化） Be动词 You are my best friend. You were right. Ihave been there before. 系动词 The flowers smell sweet. It turned blue. 及物动词 Igave her a bread. Ihave a dictionary. 不及物动词 The sun rises. Her mother left in a dark morning. 动词短语 He applied for a presitigious university. We must look into the matter immediately. The student deals with a very difficult question. 助动词+ 动词 Ihave finished my work. Iwas helped by my teacher. Idon’t know why it happened. He will come back tomorrow. 情态动词+ 动词 Imust learn another language. She has to consider his opinion. Iwould go to Mr. Smith for help. 三、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介词后面也有宾语） 1.名词 He wrote a letter. I have a headache. 2.代词 He helped me in the work. Playing tennis made him popular. 3. the+ 形容词 The rich should help the poor. The young should respect the old. 4. to do 不定式 I want to go to the concert. He likes to listen to music. 5. doing 动名词 I don’t mind getting wet. I enjoy watching a football game. 6. 名词短语 I don’t know how to swim. I decided what to buy. 7. 宾语从句 I wonder when he will come. Tell me why you came late. I thought that the bus had left. I don’t know whether he will come or not. 8. 直接宾语和 间接宾语 They told me(间)the news（直）. He showed me（间）how to do it（直）. 9. 同源宾语（许多不及物动词可接同源宾语） She lives a hap