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Unit 3
I Lead-in
II Language Structures
Modal auxiliaries
1. would + perfect infinitive used to express
“unfulfilled wish ”
e.g. I would have liked to sign up, but I
sprained my ankle.
2. should /ought to + perfect infinitive used to
express “unfulfilledobligation ”
needn ’t + perfect infinitive expressing
“unnecessary past actions ”
e.g. 1) She should/ ought to have had more
oral practice during the term.
2) She needn’t have learned all the
dialogues by heart.
3. may /might + perfect infinitive used to
express “speculations about past actions ”
can /could not + perfect infinitive used to
express “negative deduction about past
actions ”
e.g. 1)He may/might have gone to the library.
2) She can ’t/couldn ’t have gone to the
library.
4. must + perfect infinitive used to express
“affirmative deduction about past actions
may /might as well used with the second
person pronoun expressing “suggestions ”
e.g. 1) She must have gone to the language
lab.
2) You may/might as well use my bike.
Preparatory Questions
Directions: Recast the following sentences
using the following phrases:
1. “would have liked to (do)”
Notice: would have liked to (do) is used
with the first person to express the speaker ’s
wish that was not fulfilled ．
1) I intended to go skating with you yesterday
but I couldn ’becauset my mother didn ’lett
me.
(Response: I would have liked to go skating
with you yesterday, but my mother didn ’let
me.)
2) I meant to sit in
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