关系代词的用法.docxVIP

? 关系代词 1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如： The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.　跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中 whom 既代表先行词 the girl，又在从句中作介词 to 的宾语。） 2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中， that 可指人也可指物， 见表： 指人 指物 指人或物 主格 who which that 宾格 whom that that 属格 whose whose/of which of which/whose ?  例如： 　 This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。 　 (whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语) 　 He came back for the book which he had forgotten.　他回来取他丢下的书。 　 （which 指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略） ★关系代词的用法 1、关系代词的句法功能 1）关系代词在句中作主语 例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics 2）关系代词在句中作宾语 例如：I like music that I can sing along with. 3）关系代词在句中作表语 例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be. 2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语 例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short? 3、关系代词的用法 1）who 和 whom 的用法：二者都用于指人。Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom 在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而 who 则不能。 例如：I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 2）whose 的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。 例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics. 3）which 的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。 例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 4）that 的用法：指人或物，指人时可与 who、whom 互换，指物时可与 that 互换。在 从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。 例如：It is a book (that/which) no one really likes. 4、用 who 不用 that 的情况 1）先行词是指人的不定代词时 例如：Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competitions. 2）先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时 例如：The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother. 3）用在 there be 结构中。 例如：There is a young man who wants to see you. 4）避免重复或引起歧义。 例如：The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghan. 5）当先行词是 I, you, he, they 等时（常用语谚语之中）。 例如：He who plays with fire gets burned. 6）先行词如是指成员的集体名词，关系代词也用 who。 例如：The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music. 7）先行词如是拟人化名词，关系代词也可用 who。 例如：You will see the worker ants,who gather food for themselves and for all the others. 8）先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用 who，不指特定的人时多用 that。 例如：The aunt who came to see us last week is