托福综合写作模板总结、词汇总结.pdfVIP

综合写作题型分类：单话题类 / 双话题类 话题分类：生物生态类 / 商业经济 / 文学艺术 / 化石考古 / 燃料能源 多样化表达： 阅读： The reading, the passage, the author, the article 听力： The listening, the lecture, the lecturer, the professor, the speaker 认为： believe, hold, suggest, support, point out, advocate(提倡，主张，通常不 用于反对意见 ), claim 反驳： Criticize vt. 批评 criticism n. （crisis n. 危机） Argue, challenge, doubt, disagree, refute, … . Is questionable. 但是： However, although, on the other hand, in contrast, while, 增加： Increase(nvt),boost ( boost the economy )(nvt 使增长；推动；改进； 使兴旺 ),maximize/maximization, add to sth (global warming) Improve/improvement, enhance/enhancement, heighten fortify/fortification(vt 使强化，使振作 ),advance(vivtn) expansion(used in size, number, amount), amplify(扩大声音、增强，加 剧), enlarge （及物不及物，扩大；～ on sth 进一步说明，详述） thrive 降低： Decline(vin),decrease, minimize/minimization, reduce/reduction, cut down, shrink(vivt)/shrinkage Damage,impair(vt, 损害，削弱 ), cause damage to, harm, hurt Destroy, destruction, do great damage to, do harm to, ruin, catastrophic damage，the disastrous consequence，endanger （vt 危及，危害） 影响： aftermath 后果，余波 the ~ of (an important event) affect 副词： definitely ，totally （disagree with），strongly （influenced by） 其他： Utility 用途 Alternative/ substitute ： an alternative to sth 某事物的替代品； alternative sth 备用，可替代 sth sb substitute one thing for another/ one thing substitute for another 取 代，替换 a substitute for sth 替代品 生物生态类： 物种数量骤降 / 骤增 分析原因：假说分析 Hypothesis, explanation, cause, theory Predator, predation, pollution, climate change, habitat, insect, human action at long-term environmental expense （It exposes the fallacy of short-term industrial gain at long-term environmental expense这暴露了以长久的 环境破坏为代价换取短期工业利益的错误。 ） 分析影响：生态问题 Ecosystem, local species, food chain,the number of A = A population native：意含对当地生态系统重要的、必不可少的 inevitable/unavoidable/inescapable indispe