美国侵权法(中英文).pdf

美国侵权法（中英文） Restatement of the Law ，Third ，Torts by The American Law Institute 美国法学会《侵权法 第三次重述》 Part One: Intoduction of Torts 侵权法概述 Part Two ： Apportionment of Liability （Rule Sections ）第一部分：责任 分担 Part Three: Products Liability 产品责任 Part One: Intoduction of Torts 侵权法概述 在美国， 侵权法主要属于各州的法律范畴， 而且主要由判例法组成。 侵权行为可 分 为 故 意 侵 权 行 为 （intentional tort) 、 过 失 侵 权 行 为 （negligence or negligent tort) 和严格责任侵权行为 (strict liability tort). 对侵权行为 的一般救济方法是对侵权行为所造成的损害予以一定的金钱补偿， 在涉及交通事 故等领域的侵权赔偿已广范采用了保险赔偿的方式。 Part One: Introduction 基本概念 1. The law of tort is still the source of most civil suits in the United States, with damage claims for automobile accidents taking first place. Many circumstances contribute to this: (a) the plaintiff in an American civil suit is ordinarily entitled to try his claim before a jury which will often--and understandably--rely more on human than on legal considerations, for instance when a child has been injured in an automobile accident or through a defective product of a large enterprise; (b) Compensation and damages include not only the actual loss but also the intangible damage. A plaintiff can therefore often play on the human reaction of the jury: for instance, what is appropriate compensation for a permanent disability such as the loss of a limb? (c) American law permits the participation of the attorney in the plaintiff ’s recovery (contingent fee) which not uncommonly amounts to 25 to 33 percent of the verdict. As a result of all of these factors, a tort action maybe a lengthy proceeding, result in large expenses, for instance through honoraria for experts (which may deter the small plaintiff from suing at all