《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版课后习题答案chapter7.docxVIP

Chapter 7 Language Change 1. The vocabulary of English consists of native and also thousands of borrowed words. Look up the following words in a dictionary which provides the etymologies (history) of words. In each case speculate as to how the particular word came to be borrowed from a particular language. a. size b. skill c. royal d. ranch e. robot f. potato g. astronaut h. emerald i. pagoda j. khaki k. bulldoze 1. hoodlum 答： a. size ( old French) b. skill ( old Norse) c. royal ( old French Latin) d. ranch ( Spanish French) e. robot ( Czech old Church Slavonic) f. potato ( Spanish Taino) g. astronaut ( French) h. emerald ( Middle English old French) i. pagoda ( Persian Sanskrit) j. khaki ( Hindi Persian) k. bulldoze ( bull(Botany Bay Slang) old English) l. hoodlum ( German) 2. The Encyclopedia Britannica Yearbook has usually published a new word list, which is, in the Britannica e’ditsors view, a list of those words that had entered the language during the year. Would you expect a yearbook to publish a -word l“ist lost”o rrdeicn g the words dropped from the language during the year? Defend your answer. 答： (略) 3. Below is a passage from Shakespeares Hamlet, King: Where is Pelonius? Hamlet: In heaven, send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i the other place yourself. But indeed, if you find him not within this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. Act IV , scene iii Study these lines and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident. 答： In modern English, these lines are more likely written as: King: Where is Pelonius? Hamlet: In heaven, send to see there. If your messenger cannot find him there, yourself seek him at the other place. But indeed, if you cannot find him within this month, you shall notice him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. 4. Comment with examples on the following statement “ Words and expressions will be forced into use in spite of