时间平均车速).pptVIP

3.2 Definition of Speed Time mean speed (TMS，时间平均车速) --- defined as the average speed of all vehicles passing a point on a highway over some specified time period Space mean speed (SMS，空间平均车速) --- defined as the average speed of all vehicles occupying a given section of a highway over some specified time period TMS is a point measure, while SMS is a measure relating to a length of highway or lane SMS is often used in traffic flow theory study at macroscopic level while TMS is used for engineering study TMS ≥ SMS Average travel speed and average running speed （平均行程，行驶速度) --- Average travel speed = distance /travel time Average running speed = distance/running time Running time = travel time - stopped delays Operating speed （运营速度）--- defined as the maximum safe speed at which a vehicle can be conducted in a given traffic stream, without exceeding the design speed of the highway segment. Critical speed or Optimal speed (临界车速) --- defined as the speed at which maximum flow rate (capacity 通行能力) can be achieved (or at which gas consumption of vehicles is at the lowest) Percentile speeds （百分位速度）--- is a speed below which the stated percent of vehicles in the traffic stream travel In traffic engineering, 85th percentile speed is often used as a measure of the maximum reasonable speed for the traffic stream (upper limit), while the 15th percentile speed may be used as a measure of the minimum reasonable speed for the traffic stream. The 50th percentile or median speed is used to describe the midpoint of the speed distribution. * *