英汉句法对比讲课资料.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese;1、Synthetic Analytic ;1.1 Inflectional Non-inflectional Inflection: In grammar, an inflection is a change in the form of a word that shows its grammatical function. Notice: nouns, pronouns, verbs are inflected; the endings –er, -est are non-inflectional suffixes.;The use of inflected forms could express: Parts of speech （词性） Gender（性） Number（数） Case（主格/宾格） Person（人称） Tense（时态） Aspect（体） Voice（语态） Mood（情态） Non-finite verbs（非限定动词） ;1、 Synthetic Analytic;Subordinator（从属连接词） ;1、 Synthetic Analytic;English sentences can be reduced to five basic patterns. English subject-predicate structure appears rigid. Chinese subject-predicate structure is usually varied, flexible, and supple.;Hypotaxis（形合法）：P47 Parataxis（意合法）： P47;3、Hypotactic Paratactic ;4、Complex Simplex ;Formal written English is in an impersonal style, featured by passives, sentences beginning with introductory it, and abstract nouns as subjects. Chinese perfers to use a personal style, featured by more actives, actives in form but passives in sense, personal (animate)subjects, or subjectless and subject-omitted sentences.;translation methods: English impersonal subjects 变为 Chinese personal subjects English passives 变为 Chinese actives;English prefers to use passives, and why? The agent of an action is self-evident or unkown, or it is unnecessary or impossible to mention the agent. Syntactic factors: for cohesion, balance, end focus, end weight Rhetorical factors: for variations Stylistic factors: more passives in information writing ;Chinese prefers to use actives, including those active in form but passive in sense.;7、Static Dynamic ;translation methods: the English nominal style 变为 the Chinese verbal style 1) English nouns 变为Chinese verbs 2) English adjectives 变为Chinese adverbs 3) English prepositions 变为Chinese verbs;In English, nominalization often results in abstraction. Chinese prefers to use concrete or specific words and