人工智能课后习题答案部分已翻译考试.pdfVIP

1.1 Define in your own word: (a) intelligence, (b) artificial intelligence, (c) agent. ? Intelligence 智能 : Dictionary definitions of intelligence talk about “the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge ” or “the faculty of thought and reason ” or the“ ability to comprehend and profit from experience. ”These are all reasonable answers, but if we want something quantifiable we would use something like the ability to apply knowledge in order to perform better in an environment“ . ” 智能的字典定义有一种学习或应用知识的能力，一种思考和推理的本领，领会并且得益于经验的能 力，这些都是有道理的答案，但如果我们想量化一些东西，我们将用到一些东西像为了在环境中更 好的完成任务使能力适应知识 ? Artificial intelligence人工智能 : We define artificial intelligence as the study and construction of agent programs that perform well in a given environment, for a given agent architecture. 作为一学习和构造智能体程序，为了一个智能体结构，在被给的环境中可以很好的完成任务。 ? Agen 智能体 t: We define an agent as an entity 实体 that takes action in response to percepts from an environment. 在一个环境中对一个对象做出反应的实体 1.4 There are well-known classesof problem that are intractably difficult for computers, and other classes that are provably undecidable. Does this mean that AI is impossible? No. It means that AI systems should avoid trying to solve intractable problems. Usually, this means they can only approximate optimal behavior. Notice that humans don ’t solve NP complete problems either. Sometimes they are good at solving specific instances with a lot of structure, perhaps with the aid of background knowledge. AI systems should attempt to do the same. 1.11 “surely computers cannot be intelligent-they can do only what their programmers tell them . ” Is the latter statement true, and does it imply the former? This depends on your defi