(对生物多样性的威胁).pptVIP

Threats to biodiversity(對生物多樣性的威脅) 鄭先祐(Ayo) 國立台南大學 環境與生態學院 院長 Japalura@ Threats to biodiversity Major threats to biodiversity and their interaction Anthropogenic extinctions and their community and ecosystem impacts Current patterns of global endangerment What types of species are most vulnerable to extinction? Responses to the biodiversity crisis Major threats to biodiversity Habitat degradation (棲地的潰敗) Overexploitation (過度的開發) Invasive species (入侵物種) Anthropogenic climate change (人為導致的氣候變遷) Bioaccumulation and Synergistic effects(生物累積和加乘效應) Snowballing (滾雪球) effect Indirect impacts Cascade effects (Box. 31.1) Ecological release Dominant species Ecosystem engineers, those species such as beavers or elephants that strongly modify habitat. Keystone species Current patterns of global endangerment Table 3.2 number of globally threatened species by taxon. Box 3.2 the IUCN red list system. IUCN = The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.(自然和自然資源的保育) Box 3.2 The IUCN red list system Extinct (Ex): A taxon is extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual) to the taxon’s life cycle and life form, throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Box 3.2 The IUCN red list system Extinct in the wild (EW): A taxon is extinct in the wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity, or as a naturalized population well outside the past range, and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual in the wild has dies, as outlined under EX. Box 3.2 The IUCN red list system Threatened (Table A) Critically Endangered (CR) (Table A) Endangered (EN) (Table A) Vulnerable (VU) (Table A) Near threatened (NT) A taxon is near threatened when it is likely to qualify for a threatened category I the near future. Least Concern (LC) It is not likely to qual