句子的基本结构.docVIP

句子得基本结构一、句子得基本成分???? 句子得基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。1、主语:句子得主体,全句述说得对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。The boy needs a pen、?Smoking is bad for you、2、谓语:说明主语得动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 o’clock、She is reading、3、宾语:表示动作得对象。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。He won the game、????He likes playing puter、4、表语:用以表述主语得特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词之后。He is a student、We are tired、注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官得动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表转变变化得动词: bee, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延续得动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用得词、短语或句子。The black bike is mine、(形容词)The boy in blue is Jim、(介词短语)I have nothing to do today、(动词不定式)注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting、??????? 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰得名词之后。例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games、6、状语:用以修饰adj、 /v、 /adv、及全句,位置灵活。1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰得词之前;I am very sorry、2、表示时间、地点、目得得状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth、They are writing English in the classroom、3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)得副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。We often help him、?He is always late for class、7、补语:补充说明宾语得情况。由n、/adj、/介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。He made me sad、(形容词)She asks me to take an umbrella、(不定式)The war made him a soldier、(名词)I find him at home、(介词短语)I saw a cat running along the wall、(分词)8、同位语:同位语就是句子成分得一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们得性质与情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy、?I myself will do the experiment、She is the oldest among them six、二、句子得基本分类1、按使用目得,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句与感叹句。1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种瞧法。例如:???? Light travels faster than sound、 光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)???? The film is rather boring、 这部电影很乏味。(说明瞧法)2)疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种:???? a、 一般疑问句:?????? Can you finish the work in time????? b、 特殊疑问句:????? Where do you live?????? c、 选择疑问句:????? Do you want tea or coffee??d、 反意疑问句:????? He doesnt know her, does he??3)祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如:??? Dont be nervous!?4)