犯罪心理学第一章.pptxVIP

Chapter oneThe main theories of Criminal Psychology谁在犯罪？A person who has committed a crime is called a perpetrator [,p?:pi‘treit?] (or “perp” as on TV police dramas )（犯罪者）. If the person is not actually caught in the act or has not been convicted (or has taken a plea deal), he‘s a suspect. If he’s on trial, he‘s the defendant. If the judge’s gavel(法槌） has fallen and he’s guilty, he‘s a convict or (perhaps) a felon.A person who commits a crime is usually called a criminal or offender. If the person has committed multiple crimes, the person is known as a recidivist[ri’sidivist] 惯犯. If not yet convicted, the person is called a suspect.Why a person would commit a crime? Mental problemsSocial learninggeneticBiological Factor 犯罪生物学之一Phrenology [frin?l?d?i] 颅相学Graham, Patrick. (2001) Phrenology [video recording (DVD)] : revealing the mysteries of the mind . Richmond Hill, Ont. : American Home Treasures. ISBN 0-7792-5135-0? 颅相学我从来不知道我有发明的天赋直到颅相学告诉了我。直到那个时候我对自己还是陌生的。　———Thomas Edison, (1847-1931)（爱迪生）颅相学在19世纪的知识分子中曾掀起风暴 Phrenology is a /wiki/Pseudosciencepseudo science (伪科学）[psju:d?usai?ns] primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the /wiki/Human_brainbrain is the organ of the /wiki/Mindmind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific /wiki/Human_brain#Functionfunctions or modules. Phrenology was especially popular from about 1810 until 1840. Following the materialist notions of mental functions originating in the brain, phrenologists believed that human conduct could best be understood in neurological rather than abstract terms. It is now considered a /wiki/Pseudosciencepseudoscience[,s?dosa??ns] . Developed by German physician /wiki/Franz_Joseph_GallFranz Joseph Gall in 1796, the discipline was very popular in the 19th century. In 1843, /wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_MagendieFran/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Magendie?/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Magendieois Magendie referred to phrenology as a pseudo-science of the present day.Phrenological thinking was