《海洋生物学》毛颚动物.pptx

Chaetognatha毛颚动物SPhylum ChaetognathaS The arrow worms, phylum Chaetognatha, are all marine, planktonic organisms.S Some deuterostomeembryological characters.S Molecular works suggests they are protostomes.S Currently not considered to be part of either group.Deuterostomes后口动物?S Deuterostome characteristics:S Radial, indeterminate cleavageS Formation of the mouth from a second openingS Enterocoelous coelomdevelopmentS Chaetognaths are placed outside both protostome deuterostome groups.S the chaethognath origin from protoconodonts(化石证据）概述S 世界已知约有70～80种。体细长如箭，一般1～3厘米，最长可达12厘 米以上。可分为头、躯干和尾3部分。头部略膨大，具有颚毛；尾部末 端尖细。体壁透明，故又称玻璃虫。身体两侧对称，肠腔法形成体腔。 有水平方向的侧鳍和尾鳍。锄虫属生活于内湾或近海的岩石、海藻间， 其余各属均为典型的海洋浮游生物。为极为活跃和凶猛的肉食性动物， 摄食桡足类、磷虾、幼虫、仔鱼等，同类相食也常见。雌雄同体。再 生能力较强。多生活在200米水层以上。许多种有垂直移动现象，一般 是夜晚上升，白天下降；有的有季节垂直移动现象。有些种类对温度 和盐度有严格要求，可作为海流、水团的指示生物。IntroductionS Phylum Chaetognatha are often called ‘arrow worms’S Live in marine ecosystemsS Most are planktonic (80%) while some are benthic (20%)S Most abundant type of animal present in many deep seaenvironmentsS 120 modern species that range in size from 2 to 120 mmS One of the earliest Bilaterians(两侧对称）CharacteristicsS Transparent or translucent torpedo shaped invertebrateS Body is made up of three sectionsS There is a fin on the tail as well as two sets of lateral finsS They have a circulatory system, gaseous exchange organs orexcretory systemS HermaphroditicS Gets its name from ‘grasping spines’ around its mouth分类地位S 无脊椎动物——毛颚动物门S 介于棘皮动物与半索动物之间S 演化水平较高分类地位S 毛颚动物是一个分类位置尚待确定的小门,仅包括1个纲,称为矢虫 纲(Sagittoidea),矢虫纲只包括2个科,即 Amiskwidae科和箭虫科 (Sagittidae).前者仅有1属1种( Amiskwia sagittiformis sagittiformis),全系化石.现存的全是箭虫科的种类.这一科包括20属 个属约120种,其中,在我国海区已发现约25种.Orders and familiesAphragmophora Bathybelidae Krohnittidae Pterokrohniidae Pterosagittidae Sagittidae Phragmophora Eukrohniidae Heterokrohniidae Krohnittellidae Spadellidae毛颚动物门——1纲： 箭虫纲2目：腹横膈肌目、无横膈肌目 无横膈肌目 Amiskwidae科和箭虫科 箭虫科：20个属约120种分类地位研究S 胚胎学并结合解剖学、组织学的研究成果，逐步阐明 毛颚动物系后口动物的观点。分子生学证据前口动物？S 毛颚动物是起源于原始的原体腔动物祖先的一个侧