铸造模具外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 外文资料翻译 资料来源：《模具设计与制造专业英语》 文章名：Chapter 3 Casting Dies 书刊名：《English for Die Mould Design and Manufacturing》 作 者：刘建雄 王家惠 廖丕博 主编 出版社：北京大学出版社，2002 章 节：Chapter 3 Casting Dies 页 码：P51~P60 文章译名： 铸造模具  Chapter 3 Casting Dies Casting The first castings were made during the period 4000~3000 B.C., using stone and metal molds for casting copper. Various casting processes have been developed over a long period of time, each with its own characteristics and applications, to meet specific engineering and service requirements. Many parts and components are made by casting, including cameras, carburetors, engine blocks, crankshafts, automotive components, agricultural and railroad equipment, pipes and plumbing fixtures, power tools, gun barrels, frying pans, and very large components for hydraulic turbines. Casting can be done in several ways. The two major ones are sand casting, in which the molds used are disposable after each cycle, and die casting, or permanent molding, in which the same metallic die is used thousands or even millions of times. Both types of molds have three common features. They both have a “plumbing” system to channel molten alloy into the mold cavity. These channels are called sprues, runners, and gates (Fig. 3-1). Molds may be modified by cores which form holes and undercuts or inserts that become an integral part of the casting. Inserts strengthen and reduce friction, and they may be more machinable than the surrounding metal. For example, a steel shaft when properly inserted into a die cavity results in an assembled aluminum step gear after the shot. After pouring or injection, the resulting castings require subsequent operations such trim-ming, inspection, grinding, and repairs to a greater or lesser extent prior to shipping. Premium-quality castings from alloys of aluminum or steel require x-ray soundness that will be acceptable by the customer. Certain special casting processes are precision-investment casting