名词性从句专项---主语从句-宾语从句-表语从句-同位语从句.docVIP

名词性从句专项 一、知识梳理/提炼 要点一：句子的分类 根据句子的结构可分为： ① 简单句——一主一谓。 ②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。 ③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。 根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。 要点二：名词性从句总述 1. 主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语，把真正的从句放在句尾。如： It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped. 犯人是如何逃跑的是个谜。 主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定。如： What he needs is that book? What he needs are some book? 主语从句常用的结构有： It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that… It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear… that… It is a pity/a shame/an honor/no surprise/no wonder… that… It doesn’t’t matter whether… It seems\appears that… It happens that… 2. 表语从句——位于系动词之后充当复合句的表语，引导词that 一般可以省略，还可用as if/as though/because/why引导。如： The question is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是是能完成这项艰巨的任务。 ３．同位语从句——跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。 一般用that引导，不省略。如： The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的。 4．宾语从句——在句中作动词、介词或者形容词的宾语。由that, if/whether/what,when, how, wich等引导。如： I doubt whether\if he will keep his word. 我怀疑他是否会信守诺言。 Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate. 能否成功有赖于我们怎么合作。 I am afraid (that) I have made a foolish mistake. 我恐怕是犯了个愚蠢错误。 要点三：名词性从句的引导词 1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。 2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补、表语或定语。 3．连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句 要点四：名词性从句的语序 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序 1. that 和whether/if引导的从句 She sensed something. A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. She wondered. Would the buses still be running? She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running. 2. 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. (F)How he was successful is still a puzzle. (T) 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you