初中定语从句讲解练习及答案_百度文库.doc

一、 定义:在复合句中, 修饰某一 名词 或 代 词 的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的 句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如:1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2 You must do everything that I do . 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从 句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在 先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有 关系代词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有格 whose 和 关系副词 where, when、 why 关系词常有三个作用 :1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一 个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在从句中做主语 (1The boys are from Class One. (2Yesterday I helped an old man his way. 2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常 可省略。 (1 Mr. Liu is the person talked about. 注意:关系代词 whom 在口语和非 正式语体中常用 who 代替,可省略。 (3 The man now is my friend. 3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾 语,做宾语时可省略 (1 Football is a game most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语 (2 This is the pen yesterday . ( which 在句子中做宾语 4. that指人时, 相当于 who 或者 whom ; 指 物时,相当于 which 。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语 时可省略。 (5 The people city are all here. (在句子中做主语 (6 Where is the man this morning? (在句子中做宾语 5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句 中做定语 (1 He has a friend doctor . (2 I lived in a house fallen in. whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3The classroom will soon be repaired. =The classroom broken will soon be repaired. (5Do you like the book yellow ? =Do you like the book ? 注:that 用法 (1不用 that 的情况 (a 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错 The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代 词的情况 (a 在 there be 句型中,只用 that ,不 用 which 。 (b 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用 that ,不 用 which 。 (c 先行词有 the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用 that 。 (d 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最 高级时,只用 that, 不能用 which 。 . (e 先行词既有人,又有物时。 (f 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时. (g 为了避免重复. (h先行词是 the way或 the reason时, that 可作关系副词,也可省略 (i 主句的主语是疑问词 who /which时 举例: Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗? Who that break the window should be punished . 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 三、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词 关系副词:在句中作