kdoqi临床实践指南血液透析充分性(更新版)2015.doc

KDOQI CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR HEMODIALYSIS ADEQUACY: 2015 UPDATE Abstract The National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) has provided evidence-based guidelines for all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related complications since 1997. The 2015 update of the KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy is intended to assist practitioners caring for patients in preparation for and during hemodialysis. The literature reviewed for this update includes clinical trials and observational studies published between 2000 and March 2014. New topics include high-frequency hemodialysis and risks; prescription ?exibility in initiation timing, frequency, duration, and ultra?ltration rate; and more emphasis on volume and blood pressure control. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Devel- opment, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Limitations of the evidence are discussed and speci?c suggestions are provided for future research. Keywords: Hemodialysis; Clinical Practice Guideline; hemodialysis prescription; hemodialysis frequency; initiation; adequacy; treatment time; hemo?ltration; urea modeling; evidence-based recommendation; KDOQI. In citing this document, the following format should be used: National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(5):884-930. 884 Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(5):884-930 Work Group Membership Work Group Chairs John T. Daugirdas, MD University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, IL Thomas A. Depner, MD University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA Work Group Members Jula Inrig, MD, MHS Duke University Medical Center Yorba Linda, CA Rajnish Mehrotra, MD University of Washington Division of Nephrology, Harborview Medical Center Seattle, WA Michael V. Rocco, MD, MSCE Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem