康德-拉普拉斯.ppt

Mapping Magnetic Field Structure in Star-forming Regions 賴詩萍 康德-拉普拉斯 星雲假說 康德(1755年) - 原始星雲是由大小不等的固體微粒組成的﹐“天體在吸引最強的地方開始形成”﹐萬有引力使得微粒相互接近。 拉普拉斯(1796年) - 形成太陽系的雲是一團巨大的﹑灼熱的﹑轉動著的氣體﹐大致呈球狀。由於冷卻﹐星雲逐漸收縮,星雲的中心部分凝聚成太陽 。 Star formation standard model Starless Cores – Barnard 68 Simplest Star Formation Theory Thermal pressure support - Jeans Mass (1928) Why B is important in star formation? Regulating star formation efficiency Observed star formation efficiency is low Theoritical 200 M?/year >> Observed 3 M?/year B provides support in Static fields MHD waves (turbulence) Facilitating gravitational collapse Angular momentum problem – magnetic braking Magnetic flux problem - ambipolar diffusion Morphology Evolution Magnetic support theories MHD simulations (Ostriker, Gammie, & Stone 1999) How to measure B? Zeeman Effect – Too Difficult!! Polarization of Dust Emission: P?Bp Polarized Molecular Line Emission (the Goldreich-Kylafis Effect): P?Bp or P?Bp Polarization Observations with Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array (BIMA) NGC 2024 DR21(OH) –  JCMT vs. BIMA (B map) NGC1333 IRAS4A Physical quantities Dispersion of Polarization Angle (??) Field Strengths (the Chandrasekhar-Fermi Method) Mass-to-magnetic-flux Ratios Turbulent-to-magnetic-energy Ratios Chandrasekhar-Fermi Method Dispersion of Polarization Angle (??) ? Field Strengths in the plane of sky Uniform fields perturbed by MHD turbulence - Incompressible fluid - ? invariant Small perturbation - Isotropic turbulence - ?? ? Bp, M/ΦB,p, ?turb Results Bp ~ 0.8 – 3.5 mG M/ΦB,p ~ 0.1 – 4.9 critical mass-to-flux ratio ? turb ~ 0.03 – 0.4 Future Work – More observations!! Current/Future instruments SMA (the only working interferometer for now) CARMA = BIMA + OVRO (?) ALMA!! (wait at least 7 years) 3D Magnetic Field Structure Zeeman measurements High density (106 cm-3) - CN Young Cores – CCS Line polarization 廣告時間 “Star and Planet formation” Journal Cl