antifouling coating防污材料 海洋.pptVIP

海洋防污基本概念 ? 海洋 附着生物 也称海洋 污损生物（ marine fouling organism ） ，是生长在 船底和海中一切设施表面的动物、植物和微生物的通称。这些生物一般是有 害的。 ? 船底长生物称为 生物污损（ biofouling ） 。 ? 防除生物污损称为 防污（ antifouling ） 。 ? 海洋中约有 4000 ～ 5000 种 污损生物 。 ? 在所有污损生物中，有 半数 以上浮游在海岸和 港湾处，这些生物生长在船底、浮标、输水管 道、冷却管道、沉船、海底电缆、木筏、浮子、 浮桥和网具上， ? 除微生物外 : ? 植物性生物约 600 种， ? 动物性生物约 1300 种， ? 常见的只有 50 ～ 100 种 。 A.I. Railkin, Marine Biofouling Colonization Processes and Defenses, CRC Press LLC, 2004. 请看船底 HULL BENEATH WATER Vessels fouled by marine organisms. Images show ( a ) ( b ) fouling by the green alga (seaweed) Ulva (image courtesy of Dr J. Lewis) and ( c ) ( d ) ( e ) barnacles (image courtesy of Dr C.D. Anderson). a b d c e 海洋生物的生长机理 L.D. Chambers, F.C. Walsh, R.J.K. Wood, K.R. Stokes, World Maritime Technology Conference, ICMES Proceedings, The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology, March 2006. Diversity and size scales of a range of representative fouling organisms. ( a ) Bacteria (scanning electron micrograph (SEM)), ( b ) false-colour SEM of motile, quadriflagellate spores of the green alga (seaweed) Ulva, ( c ) false- colour environmental SEM image of settled spore of Ulva showing secreted annulus of swollen adhesive, ( d ) SEM of diatom (Navicula), ( e ) larva of tube worm, Hydroides elegans (image courtesy of B. Nedved), ( f ) barnacle cypris larva (Amphibalanus amphitrite) exploring a surface by its paired antennules (image courtesy of N. Aldred), ( g ) adult barnacles (image courtesy of AS Clare), ( h ) adult tubeworms (H. elegans; image courtesy of M. Hadfield), ( i ) adult mussels showing byssus threads attached to a surface (image courtesy of J. Wilker), ( j ) individual plants of the green alga (seaweed) Ulva. The diagram is intended to indicate relative scales rather than absolute sizes; individual species within a group can vary significantly in absolute size. James A. Callow Maureen E. Callow, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Trends in the development of environmen