语言学名词课后测试题.docx

第一章 Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication. Arbitrariness No logical (motivated or intrinsic) connection between sounds and meanings. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. duality: one design feature of human language, which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary. level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. displacement: one design feature of human language, which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present in time and space, at the moment of communication. competence: language user s underlying knowledge about the system of rules. langue: the linguistic competence of the speaker. parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances). 简答： does the traffic light system have duality? Traffic light does not have duality. Obviously, it is not a double-level system. There is only one-to-one relationship between signs and meaning but the meaning units cannot be divided into smaller meaningless elements further. So the traffic light only has the primary level and lacks the sec on dary level like ani mals call. Red f stop Gree n f go Yellow f get ready to go or stop Communication can take many forms, such as sign, speech, body language and facial ANSWER: On a whole, body language and facial expression lack most of the distinctive properties of human language such as duality, displacement, creativity and so on. Body language exhibits arbitrariness a little bit. For instance, nod means OK/YES for us but in Arabian world it is equal to saying NO. Some facial expressions have nonarbitrariness because they are instinctive such as the cry and laugh of a newborn infant. 15. Why is the distinction between competence and perfo