医三中三组织生理整合课程.docVIP

醫三中三組織生理整合課程 96學年度第1 學期 How Neurons Talk to Each Other? 林靜茹老師 Ext. 2189 Synaptic Transmission 2007/10/30 History Synapses（突觸）:Where neurons talk Synapse: First introduced by English Physiologist Charles Sherrington (Nobel Price in 1932) to describe contacts between neurons. Synaptic transmission: the process of information transfer at a synapse. 1959: Edwin Furshpan and David Potter (American) ---- electrical synapses 1921: Otto Loewi (Austria) Discovery of neurotransmitter- Ach (Nobel Laureate in 1936) --- chemical synapses Synaptic transmission in CNS: John Eccles (Nobel Laureate in 1963) ---chemical synapses Synaptic transmission at Neuromuscular junction (NMJ): Benard Katz (Nobel Laureate in 1970) --- chemical synapses Types of Synapses (A). Electrical synapses: (from “Neuroscience: exploring the brain” 2nd edition) Gap junctions --- cells share both electrical and chemical signals (bi-directional) --- cells are electrically coupled e.g. invertebrate: escape reflexes; vertebrate: glia, epithelial cells, smooth and cardiac muscle cells and liver cells (B). Chemical Synapses: need neurotransmitters (神經傳遞物質) for transmission, influenced by drugs, account for 99% of the synapses. (i). Neuromuscular junction (NMJ): a typical chemical synapse at PNS (Ganong Fig. 4-35) (ii). At CNS: (Vander Fig. 6-25) Three parts: The terminal of presynaptic axon（突觸前神經末梢） synaptic vesicles large dense core vesicles The postsynaptic membrane under the axon terminal（突觸後膜） receptors active zone The synaptic cleft（突觸裂隙）: 10-20 nm ●Unidirectional , synaptic delay Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release (突觸訊號傳遞過程及機制) Vander Fig 6-27 (A). Neurotransmitter release: Arrival of action potential at axonal terminals (depolarization) Voltage-gated calcium channels open Voltage-gated calcium channels open Neurotransmitters released by exocytosis Neurotransmitters released by exocytosis Open or close ion channels; or G