管理学第七讲.pptVIP

7 - 计划 计划通常被称为管理的主要职能，是所有的其他职能的基础 没有计划，就不会有组织、领导和控制 计划工作分为：正式的计划与非正式的计划 How Do Managers Plan? plans - outline how goals are going to be met 计划是一种承诺或规定，对未来怎么实现目标以及怎么分配资源、工作进度、以及实现目标的必要行动作出了规定 Types of Goals all organizations have multiple objectives no single measure can evaluate whether an organization is successful financial goals - relate to financial performance strategic goals - relate to other areas of performance * * Chapter 7 FOUNDATIONS OF PLANNING ? Prentice Hall, 2002 7-* Learning Objectives You should learn to: Define planning Explain why managers plan Describe what role goals play in planning目标在计划工作中的作用 Distinguish among the different types of plans Tell how goals are established Describe the characteristics of well-designed goals设计良好的目标的特点 ? Prentice Hall, 2002 7-* Learning Objectives (cont.) You should learn to: Identify three contingency factors in planning 三个权变的因素 Explain the approaches to developing plans制定计划的方法 Discuss the criticisms of planning Describe what it takes to effectively plan in a dynamic environment 如何在动态环境中制定有效的计划 ? Prentice Hall, 2002 7-* What Is Planning? Planning计划工作 involves defining the organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work 明确组织的目标、制定全局战略、制定一套整合和协调的计划来使组织到达目标 informal planning - nothing is written down little or no sharing of goals general and lacking in continuity formal planning - written defines specific goals specific action programs exist to achieve goals ? Prentice Hall, 2002 7-* Why Do Managers Plan? 计划工作对组织的绩效有重要的影响 Purposes of Planning planning is the primary management function that establishes the basis for all other management functions 计划成为管理的基础 planning establishes coordinated effort planning reduces uncertainty planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities时间与资源可以减少到最低的程度 planning establishes goals and standards used in controlling 目标和标准可以用于控制 ? Prentice Hall, 2002 7-* Why Do Managers Plan? (cont.) P